prettyprint.hpp

/**********************************************************************           
    * prettyprint.hpp -- Pretty-printing STL containers               *
    *                                                                 *
    * Author:  louisdx (http://louisdx.github.com/cxx-prettyprint/)   *
    *                                                                 *
    * Purpose: Making the communication of STL objects, particularly, *
    *          vectors and tuples possible                            *
    * Usage:   This file is included automatically                    *
    *                                                                 *
    * License:                                                        *
    *******************************************************************/

#ifndef H_PRETTY_PRINT
#define H_PRETTY_PRINT


#include <type_traits>
#include <ostream>
#include <utility>
#include <tuple>
#include <iterator>
#include <functional>


namespace std
{
    // Pre-declarations of container types so we don't actually have to include the relevant headers if not needed, speeding up compilation time.
    template<typename T, typename TComp, typename TAllocator> class set;
    template<typename T, typename TComp, typename TAllocator> class multiset;
    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator> class unordered_set;
    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator> class unordered_multiset;
}

namespace pretty_print
{

    // SFINAE type trait to detect whether T::const_iterator exists.

    template<typename T>
    struct has_const_iterator
    {
    private:
        typedef char                      yes;
        typedef struct { char array[2]; } no;

        template<typename C> static yes test(typename C::const_iterator*);
        template<typename C> static no  test(...);
    public:
        static const bool value = sizeof(test<T>(0)) == sizeof(yes);
        typedef T type;
    };

    // SFINAE type trait to detect whether "T::const_iterator T::begin/end() const" exist.

    template <typename T>
    struct has_begin_end_OLD
    {
        struct Dummy { typedef void const_iterator; };
        typedef typename std::conditional<has_const_iterator<T>::value, T, Dummy>::type TType;
        typedef typename TType::const_iterator iter;

        struct Fallback { iter begin() const; iter end() const; };
        struct Derived : TType, Fallback { };

        template<typename C, C> struct ChT;

        template<typename C> static char (&f(ChT<iter (Fallback::*)() const, &C::begin>*))[1];
        template<typename C> static char (&f(...))[2];
        template<typename C> static char (&g(ChT<iter (Fallback::*)() const, &C::end>*))[1];
        template<typename C> static char (&g(...))[2];

        static bool const beg_value = sizeof(f<Derived>(0)) == 2;
        static bool const end_value = sizeof(g<Derived>(0)) == 2;
    };

    template <typename T>
    struct has_begin_end
    {
        template<typename C> static char (&f(typename std::enable_if<
          std::is_same<decltype(static_cast<typename C::const_iterator (C::*)() const>(&C::begin)),
          typename C::const_iterator(C::*)() const>::value, void>::type*))[1];

        template<typename C> static char (&f(...))[2];

        template<typename C> static char (&g(typename std::enable_if<
          std::is_same<decltype(static_cast<typename C::const_iterator (C::*)() const>(&C::end)),
          typename C::const_iterator(C::*)() const>::value, void>::type*))[1];

        template<typename C> static char (&g(...))[2];

        static bool const beg_value = sizeof(f<T>(0)) == 1;
        static bool const end_value = sizeof(g<T>(0)) == 1;
    };

    // Basic is_container template; specialize to derive from std::true_type for all desired container types

    template<typename T> struct is_container : public ::std::integral_constant<bool,
      has_const_iterator<T>::value && has_begin_end<T>::beg_value && has_begin_end<T>::end_value> { };

    template<typename T, std::size_t N> struct is_container<T[N]> : public ::std::true_type { };

    template<std::size_t N> struct is_container<char[N]> : public ::std::false_type { };


    // Holds the delimiter values for a specific character type

    template<typename TChar>
    struct delimiters_values
    {
        typedef TChar char_type;
        const TChar * prefix;
        const TChar * delimiter;
        const TChar * postfix;
    };


    // Defines the delimiter values for a specific container and character type

    template<typename T, typename TChar>
    struct delimiters
    {
        typedef delimiters_values<TChar> type;
        static const type values; 
    };


    // Default delimiters

    template<typename T> struct delimiters<T, char> { static const delimiters_values<char> values; };
    template<typename T> const delimiters_values<char> delimiters<T, char>::values = { "[", ", ", "]" };
    template<typename T> struct delimiters<T, wchar_t> { static const delimiters_values<wchar_t> values; };
    template<typename T> const delimiters_values<wchar_t> delimiters<T, wchar_t>::values = { L"[", L", ", L"]" };


    // Delimiters for (multi)set and unordered_(multi)set

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::set<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, char> { static const delimiters_values<char> values; };

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<char> delimiters< ::std::set<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, char>::values = { "{", ", ", "}" };

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::set<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, wchar_t> { static const delimiters_values<wchar_t> values; };

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<wchar_t> delimiters< ::std::set<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, wchar_t>::values = { L"{", L", ", L"}" };

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::multiset<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, char> { static const delimiters_values<char> values; };

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<char> delimiters< ::std::multiset<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, char>::values = { "{", ", ", "}" };

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::multiset<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, wchar_t> { static const delimiters_values<wchar_t> values; };

    template<typename T, typename TTraits, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<wchar_t> delimiters< ::std::multiset<T, TTraits, TAllocator>, wchar_t>::values = { L"{", L", ", L"}" };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::unordered_set<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, char> { static const delimiters_values<char> values; };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<char> delimiters< ::std::unordered_set<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, char>::values = { "{", ", ", "}" };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::unordered_set<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, wchar_t> { static const delimiters_values<wchar_t> values; };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<wchar_t> delimiters< ::std::unordered_set<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, wchar_t>::values = { L"{", L", ", L"}" };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::unordered_multiset<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, char> { static const delimiters_values<char> values; };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<char> delimiters< ::std::unordered_multiset<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, char>::values = { "{", ", ", "}" };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    struct delimiters< ::std::unordered_multiset<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, wchar_t> { static const delimiters_values<wchar_t> values; };

    template<typename T, typename THash, typename TEqual, typename TAllocator>
    const delimiters_values<wchar_t> delimiters< ::std::unordered_multiset<T, THash, TEqual, TAllocator>, wchar_t>::values = { L"{", L", ", L"}" };


    // Delimiters for pair (reused for tuple, see below)

    template<typename T1, typename T2> struct delimiters< ::std::pair<T1, T2>, char> { static const delimiters_values<char> values; };
    template<typename T1, typename T2> const delimiters_values<char> delimiters< ::std::pair<T1, T2>, char>::values = { "(", ", ", ")" };
    template<typename T1, typename T2> struct delimiters< ::std::pair<T1, T2>, wchar_t> { static const delimiters_values<wchar_t> values; };
    template<typename T1, typename T2> const delimiters_values<wchar_t> delimiters< ::std::pair<T1, T2>, wchar_t>::values = { L"(", L", ", L")" };


    // Iterator microtrait class to handle C arrays uniformly

    template <typename T> struct get_iterator { typedef typename T::const_iterator iter; };
    template <typename T, std::size_t N> struct get_iterator<T[N]> { typedef const T * iter; };


    // Functor to print containers. You can use this directly if you want to specificy a non-default delimiters type.

    template<typename T, typename TChar = char, typename TCharTraits = ::std::char_traits<TChar>, typename TDelimiters = delimiters<T, TChar>>
    struct print_container_helper
    {
        typedef TChar char_type;
        typedef TDelimiters delimiters_type;
        typedef std::basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> ostream_type;
        typedef typename get_iterator<T>::iter TIter;

        print_container_helper(const T & container)
        : _container(container)
        {
        }

        inline void operator()(ostream_type & stream) const
        {
            if (delimiters_type::values.prefix != NULL)
                stream << delimiters_type::values.prefix;

            if (std::begin(_container) != std::end(_container))
            for (TIter it = std::begin(_container), end = std::end(_container); ; )
            {
                stream << *it;

                if (++it == end) break;

                if (delimiters_type::values.delimiter != NULL)
                    stream << delimiters_type::values.delimiter;
            }

            if (delimiters_type::values.postfix != NULL)
                stream << delimiters_type::values.postfix;
        }

    private:
        const T & _container;
    };


    // Type-erasing helper class for easy use of custom delimiters.
    // Requires TCharTraits = std::char_traits<TChar> and TChar = char or wchar_t, and MyDelims needs to be defined for TChar.
    // Usage: "cout << pretty_print::custom_delims<MyDelims>(x)".

    struct custom_delims_base
    {
        virtual ~custom_delims_base() { }
        virtual ::std::ostream & stream(::std::ostream &) = 0;
        virtual ::std::wostream & stream(::std::wostream &) = 0;
    };

    template<typename T, typename Delims>
    struct custom_delims_wrapper : public custom_delims_base
    {
        custom_delims_wrapper(const T & t) : t(t) { }

        ::std::ostream & stream(::std::ostream & stream)
        {
          return stream << ::pretty_print::print_container_helper<T, char, ::std::char_traits<char>, Delims>(t);
        }
        ::std::wostream & stream(::std::wostream & stream)
        {
          return stream << ::pretty_print::print_container_helper<T, wchar_t, ::std::char_traits<wchar_t>, Delims>(t);
        }

    private:
        const T & t;
    };

    template<typename Delims>
    struct custom_delims
    {
        template<typename Container> custom_delims(const Container & c) : base(new custom_delims_wrapper<Container, Delims>(c)) { }
        ~custom_delims() { delete base; }
        custom_delims_base * base;
    };

} // namespace pretty_print


template<typename TChar, typename TCharTraits, typename Delims>
inline std::basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & operator<<(std::basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream, const pretty_print::custom_delims<Delims> & p)
{
    return p.base->stream(stream);
}


// Template aliases for char and wchar_t delimiters
// Enable these if you have compiler support
//
// Implement as "template<T, C, A> const sdelims::type sdelims<std::set<T,C,A>>::values = { ... }."

//template<typename T> using pp_sdelims = pretty_print::delimiters<T, char>;
//template<typename T> using pp_wsdelims = pretty_print::delimiters<T, wchar_t>;


namespace std
{
    // Prints a print_container_helper to the specified stream.

    template<typename T, typename TChar, typename TCharTraits, typename TDelimiters>
    inline basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & operator<<(basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream,
                                                          const ::pretty_print::print_container_helper<T, TChar, TCharTraits, TDelimiters> & helper)
    {
        helper(stream);
        return stream;
    }

    // Prints a container to the stream using default delimiters

    template<typename T, typename TChar, typename TCharTraits>
    inline typename enable_if< ::pretty_print::is_container<T>::value, basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits>&>::type
    operator<<(basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream, const T & container)
    {
        return stream << ::pretty_print::print_container_helper<T, TChar, TCharTraits>(container);
    }

    // Prints a pair to the stream using delimiters from delimiters<std::pair<T1, T2>>.
    template<typename T1, typename T2, typename TChar, typename TCharTraits>
    inline basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & operator<<(basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream, const pair<T1, T2> & value)
    {
        if (::pretty_print::delimiters<pair<T1, T2>, TChar>::values.prefix != NULL)
            stream << ::pretty_print::delimiters<pair<T1, T2>, TChar>::values.prefix;

        stream << value.first;

        if (::pretty_print::delimiters<pair<T1, T2>, TChar>::values.delimiter != NULL)
            stream << ::pretty_print::delimiters<pair<T1, T2>, TChar>::values.delimiter;

        stream << value.second;

        if (::pretty_print::delimiters<pair<T1, T2>, TChar>::values.postfix != NULL)
            stream << ::pretty_print::delimiters<pair<T1, T2>, TChar>::values.postfix;

        return stream;
    }
} // namespace std

// Prints a tuple to the stream using delimiters from delimiters<std::pair<tuple_dummy_t, tuple_dummy_t>>.

namespace pretty_print
{
    struct tuple_dummy_t { }; // Just if you want special delimiters for tuples.

    typedef std::pair<tuple_dummy_t, tuple_dummy_t> tuple_dummy_pair;

    template<typename Tuple, size_t N, typename TChar, typename TCharTraits>
    struct pretty_tuple_helper
    {
        static inline void print(::std::basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream, const Tuple & value)
        {
            pretty_tuple_helper<Tuple, N - 1, TChar, TCharTraits>::print(stream, value);

            if (delimiters<tuple_dummy_pair, TChar>::values.delimiter != NULL)
                stream << delimiters<tuple_dummy_pair, TChar>::values.delimiter;

            stream << std::get<N - 1>(value);
        }
    };

    template<typename Tuple, typename TChar, typename TCharTraits>
    struct pretty_tuple_helper<Tuple, 1, TChar, TCharTraits>
    {
        static inline void print(::std::basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream, const Tuple & value)
        {
            stream << ::std::get<0>(value);
        }
    };
} // namespace pretty_print


/* The following macros allow us to write "template <TUPLE_PARAMAS> std::tuple<TUPLE_ARGS>"
 * uniformly in C++0x compilers and in MS Visual Studio 2010.
 * Credits to STL: http://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Going+Deep/C9-Lectures-Stephan-T-Lavavej-Advanced-STL-6-of-n
 */

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1600
    #define TUPLE_PARAMS \
        typename T0, typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, \
        typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9
    #define TUPLE_ARGS T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9
#else
    #define TUPLE_PARAMS typename ...Args
    #define TUPLE_ARGS Args...
#endif


namespace std
{
    template<typename TChar, typename TCharTraits, TUPLE_PARAMS>
    inline basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & operator<<(basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream, const tuple<TUPLE_ARGS> & value)
    {
        if (::pretty_print::delimiters< ::pretty_print::tuple_dummy_pair, TChar>::values.prefix != NULL)
            stream << ::pretty_print::delimiters< ::pretty_print::tuple_dummy_pair, TChar>::values.prefix;

        ::pretty_print::pretty_tuple_helper<const tuple<TUPLE_ARGS> &, tuple_size<tuple<TUPLE_ARGS>>::value, TChar, TCharTraits>::print(stream, value);

        if (::pretty_print::delimiters< ::pretty_print::tuple_dummy_pair, TChar>::values.postfix != NULL)
            stream << ::pretty_print::delimiters< ::pretty_print::tuple_dummy_pair, TChar>::values.postfix;

        return stream;
    }
} // namespace std

namespace std
{
    template<typename TChar, typename TCharTraits, typename _Res, typename... _ArgTypes>
    inline basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & operator<<(basic_ostream<TChar, TCharTraits> & stream, class function<_Res(_ArgTypes...)> func)
    {
        return stream;
    }
} // namespace std

// A wrapper for raw C-style arrays. Usage: int arr[] = { 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 };  std::cout << wrap_array(arr) << ...

namespace pretty_print
{
    template<typename T>
    struct array_wrapper_n
    {
        typedef const T * const_iterator;
        typedef T value_type;

        array_wrapper_n(const T * const a, size_t n) : _array(a), _n(n) { }
        inline const_iterator begin() const { return _array; }
        inline const_iterator end() const { return _array + _n; }

    private:
        const T * const _array;
        size_t _n;
    };
} // namespace pretty_print

template<typename T>
inline pretty_print::array_wrapper_n<T> pretty_print_array(const T * const a, size_t n)
{
  return pretty_print::array_wrapper_n<T>(a, n);
}


#endif